What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society?
· Why people moved to cities
· The problems caused by rapid urban growth
· The differences in the experience of whites and blacks
In the late 19ths century, many people moved to the cities of America. This caused certain effects to happen on society. People moved to the city because of the jobs. Factories and companies offered jobs that required no skills to these people. Also in the city, property was less costly. Sometimes several families lived in a one family building to save money for other things.
Another impact was caused by rapid growth and overcrowding in cities. In the city, there was no way of disposing of garbage and waste, so people dumped it out on the streets. There were even dead animals on the street and they were just left there. Another thing was waster supplement. With the more people coming to the cities, it was harder and harder to supply good drinking water. Some places started to introduce piped water and filtration. However, the supply could not keep up with the demand.
Many black people were also in the city. These men and women moved from the discriminatory south to the north to find better jobs. White people still got better jobs
Sunday, September 23, 2007
chapter 15 section 2: Critical thinking 4
Chapter 15 section 2: critical thinking 4
Which solutions (or attempted solutions) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact? Why?
In the late 1800’s, the mass inflow of immigrants led to a problem with cultural differences. Also, there were mass amounts of overcrowding in the cities. This was because the easiest place for immigrants to find work was urban factories that employed unskilled workers.
There were many attempts to solve urban problems. Some of these attempts had a great impact on how the cities worked. The first example of this is the new setup of housing in the city. Builders would build as many single family houses as they could on a block. This increased the immigrant population. Also, it improved the sanitary level by decreasing the number of people per house.(pg. 470) Another attempt to improve the urban problem was to hold classed to assimilate new foreigners into the American image. The problem with this was that many new foreigners did not was to become the typical American person. They wanted to keep their own cultural identity. (pg. 469)
Which solutions (or attempted solutions) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact? Why?
In the late 1800’s, the mass inflow of immigrants led to a problem with cultural differences. Also, there were mass amounts of overcrowding in the cities. This was because the easiest place for immigrants to find work was urban factories that employed unskilled workers.
There were many attempts to solve urban problems. Some of these attempts had a great impact on how the cities worked. The first example of this is the new setup of housing in the city. Builders would build as many single family houses as they could on a block. This increased the immigrant population. Also, it improved the sanitary level by decreasing the number of people per house.(pg. 470) Another attempt to improve the urban problem was to hold classed to assimilate new foreigners into the American image. The problem with this was that many new foreigners did not was to become the typical American person. They wanted to keep their own cultural identity. (pg. 469)
Saturday, September 22, 2007
Chapter 15 section 1: critical thinking 4
What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800’s?
In the late 1800’s, the United States experienced a massive inflow of foreigners. These people came from all over the world to this country. These people mostly came from Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia, England, China, Mexico, and Eastern Europe.
With this great amount of immigrants coming to this country, there were some effects that this caused. One of the first effects was an increase in workers. With the more workers there are, then the more work is done. For example, with the increase in Chinese workers the railroads were completed on time and in good condition. Another example of this is with the Irish. The Irish were hired by construction companies to build buildings and skyscrapers in cities like Boston and New York City.
Another effect of an increased flow of immigrant into the U.S. in the late 1800’s was discrimination. Some of the greatest examples of discriminations were against the Chinese, Irish, and Germans. In places like Boston and New York City, there were shops and companies that would not hire the Irish due to a stereotype of being lazy and drunks. The Chinese were discriminated against to a point where an act was passed that would not allow Chinese to immigrate to the US. The discrimination of Germans did not come until World War One when the United States fought Germany. Then, German immigrants were usually attacked, beaten, and even killed.
In the late 1800’s, the United States experienced a massive inflow of foreigners. These people came from all over the world to this country. These people mostly came from Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia, England, China, Mexico, and Eastern Europe.
With this great amount of immigrants coming to this country, there were some effects that this caused. One of the first effects was an increase in workers. With the more workers there are, then the more work is done. For example, with the increase in Chinese workers the railroads were completed on time and in good condition. Another example of this is with the Irish. The Irish were hired by construction companies to build buildings and skyscrapers in cities like Boston and New York City.
Another effect of an increased flow of immigrant into the U.S. in the late 1800’s was discrimination. Some of the greatest examples of discriminations were against the Chinese, Irish, and Germans. In places like Boston and New York City, there were shops and companies that would not hire the Irish due to a stereotype of being lazy and drunks. The Chinese were discriminated against to a point where an act was passed that would not allow Chinese to immigrate to the US. The discrimination of Germans did not come until World War One when the United States fought Germany. Then, German immigrants were usually attacked, beaten, and even killed.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007
Chapter 15, section 1:critical thinking 1
Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?
I think that the group of people that faced the worst times and the greatest challenges were the Chinese immigrants. These immigrants came to the United States to work for a better life. They worked mainly on the railroads and constructing new railroad tracks. When the railroads were completed and the railroad companies needed no more tracks, then the Chinese opened their own businesses, which were mostly a failure to them because the Americans would not go to their shops.
The Chinese immigrants had a hard time gaining respectable status among people of the United States. When they worked on the railroads, they worked the hardest for the cheapest pay. These men had to live in different quarters than the other workers. These quarters were often in worse conditions than other ones. The Chinese workers had to provide their own tools for work. The other white men were given their own tools to work with and food was provided to the white workers. (Pg 443)
After the Chinese men had finish with the railroad, they started their own businesses. People who were born in the United States started to have a feel for Nativism. This is when citizens of the US felt that they were more important than the immigrants. During the depression of 1873 people felt that the immigrants would take all of the jobs for less money. One of the most discriminated groups was the Chinese. These workers were victims of riots and race crimes. Soon after the Chinese were banned completely from the United States. This act was repealed in 1943. (Pg. 465)
I think that the group of people that faced the worst times and the greatest challenges were the Chinese immigrants. These immigrants came to the United States to work for a better life. They worked mainly on the railroads and constructing new railroad tracks. When the railroads were completed and the railroad companies needed no more tracks, then the Chinese opened their own businesses, which were mostly a failure to them because the Americans would not go to their shops.
The Chinese immigrants had a hard time gaining respectable status among people of the United States. When they worked on the railroads, they worked the hardest for the cheapest pay. These men had to live in different quarters than the other workers. These quarters were often in worse conditions than other ones. The Chinese workers had to provide their own tools for work. The other white men were given their own tools to work with and food was provided to the white workers. (Pg 443)
After the Chinese men had finish with the railroad, they started their own businesses. People who were born in the United States started to have a feel for Nativism. This is when citizens of the US felt that they were more important than the immigrants. During the depression of 1873 people felt that the immigrants would take all of the jobs for less money. One of the most discriminated groups was the Chinese. These workers were victims of riots and race crimes. Soon after the Chinese were banned completely from the United States. This act was repealed in 1943. (Pg. 465)
Tuesday, September 18, 2007
Chapter 14 Section 3: critical thinking 3
Chapter 14 section 3: critical thinking 3
Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as Ruthless Robber Barons, or as Effective Captains of industry?
Their management tactics and business strategies
Their contributions to the economy
Their attitude toward competition
Even thought the 19th century tycoons were ruthless, they were more effective in spreading their industry and improving an industrial United States. These tycoon leaders had an excellent way of spreading their industry. These men used strategies such as vertical and horizontal integration. This was when one company owns all components and competition of one certain kind of production, transportation, or manufacture. An example of this is like owning all oil wells and buying out new ones being opened. This way, everyone will have to use your company no matter what. Another strategy of the business corporate was vertical integration. This is when you own one part of each different industry, this way; you can ship with all your own components and not have to lose money on manufacturing of shipping.
The corporate tycoons had their own contributions to the economy. With their shipping industry, these companies could make a product widespread and inexpensive in the United States. Another thing that these corporate tycoons did was that they improved the trade of the United States. Also, they gave more people jobs. With new factories and industrialization, these companies needed more workers for these companies and these factories to fully function.
These Tycoons had little mercy towards competitors. These men bought out whatever competition they thought as a threat.
Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as Ruthless Robber Barons, or as Effective Captains of industry?
Their management tactics and business strategies
Their contributions to the economy
Their attitude toward competition
Even thought the 19th century tycoons were ruthless, they were more effective in spreading their industry and improving an industrial United States. These tycoon leaders had an excellent way of spreading their industry. These men used strategies such as vertical and horizontal integration. This was when one company owns all components and competition of one certain kind of production, transportation, or manufacture. An example of this is like owning all oil wells and buying out new ones being opened. This way, everyone will have to use your company no matter what. Another strategy of the business corporate was vertical integration. This is when you own one part of each different industry, this way; you can ship with all your own components and not have to lose money on manufacturing of shipping.
The corporate tycoons had their own contributions to the economy. With their shipping industry, these companies could make a product widespread and inexpensive in the United States. Another thing that these corporate tycoons did was that they improved the trade of the United States. Also, they gave more people jobs. With new factories and industrialization, these companies needed more workers for these companies and these factories to fully function.
These Tycoons had little mercy towards competitors. These men bought out whatever competition they thought as a threat.
Chapter 14 section 2:critical thinking 3
Do you think that the government and the private citizens could have done more to curb the corruption and power of the railroads?
· Why the railroads had power
· The right of railroad customers and workers.
· The scope of government regulations.
When the railroads had first been built, many people used them. One of the biggest users of the railroads was the farmers of the Midwest. With these users of the railroad, the company holders gained immense money and wealth. Not many people thought that they had the power to curb the railroad companies.
I think that the government could have done more to curb the power of the railroads than the private citizens. The government has the power to regulate taxes and power of a company. The government could have intervened with the railroad companies. They have this power and they chose not to use it. Until the court case Munn Vs Illinois. Then the government had the power to instate an act that would limit the power of the railroads. And they government had done this.
The private citizens and any other citizens had little power over the railroads. If they could organize themselves, then they could curb the power of the railroads. If the farmers had not used the railroads to ship their goods and shipped it a different way, then the railroads would have lost their main customer and might have to compromise with the farmers and lower the prices of their goods. Another thing that the citizens could have was to file complaints to the government and give reason to them that the railroad company was using their power too much. This is how the people and the government could have curbed the power of the railroad companies.
Do you think that the government and the private citizens could have done more to curb the corruption and power of the railroads?
· Why the railroads had power
· The right of railroad customers and workers.
· The scope of government regulations.
When the railroads had first been built, many people used them. One of the biggest users of the railroads was the farmers of the Midwest. With these users of the railroad, the company holders gained immense money and wealth. Not many people thought that they had the power to curb the railroad companies.
I think that the government could have done more to curb the power of the railroads than the private citizens. The government has the power to regulate taxes and power of a company. The government could have intervened with the railroad companies. They have this power and they chose not to use it. Until the court case Munn Vs Illinois. Then the government had the power to instate an act that would limit the power of the railroads. And they government had done this.
The private citizens and any other citizens had little power over the railroads. If they could organize themselves, then they could curb the power of the railroads. If the farmers had not used the railroads to ship their goods and shipped it a different way, then the railroads would have lost their main customer and might have to compromise with the farmers and lower the prices of their goods. Another thing that the citizens could have was to file complaints to the government and give reason to them that the railroad company was using their power too much. This is how the people and the government could have curbed the power of the railroad companies.
chapter 14 section 1 critical thinking
Chapter 14 section 1: critical thinking #5
Which invention or development described in this had the greatest impact on society?
· The applications of the inventions.
· The impact of inventions on people’s daily lives.
· The effect of inventions on the workplace
The inventions and developments of this time had a great impact on how society worked. The one invention that most greatly impacted society of this time was the invention of the incandescent light bulb. Thomas Alvin Edison created this invention. The Incandescent light bulb allowed people to work longer and more efficient. People used the lightbulb in all sorts of work areas. The bulb was used in places like office buildings, railroads, and mining caves. The lightbulb also led onto a way to properly output electricity to the entire country.
The invention of the Lightbulb impacted peoples daily lives as well. The lightbulb allowed people to have a later curfew. Streetlights were manufactured to hold incandescent lightbulbs. The lighting in the street made it easier for nightlife in the city. Work offices could be open later and could perform more work.
The lightbulb allowed work to done more efficiently. Mining was done before by either candles, or kerosene lamps, the lightbulb was used to create more light to see the coal and to see what was being done.
Which invention or development described in this had the greatest impact on society?
· The applications of the inventions.
· The impact of inventions on people’s daily lives.
· The effect of inventions on the workplace
The inventions and developments of this time had a great impact on how society worked. The one invention that most greatly impacted society of this time was the invention of the incandescent light bulb. Thomas Alvin Edison created this invention. The Incandescent light bulb allowed people to work longer and more efficient. People used the lightbulb in all sorts of work areas. The bulb was used in places like office buildings, railroads, and mining caves. The lightbulb also led onto a way to properly output electricity to the entire country.
The invention of the Lightbulb impacted peoples daily lives as well. The lightbulb allowed people to have a later curfew. Streetlights were manufactured to hold incandescent lightbulbs. The lighting in the street made it easier for nightlife in the city. Work offices could be open later and could perform more work.
The lightbulb allowed work to done more efficiently. Mining was done before by either candles, or kerosene lamps, the lightbulb was used to create more light to see the coal and to see what was being done.
Sunday, September 16, 2007
China’s economy
In the past two weeks, china’s has had numerous events to affect the way its economy runs. China has, first of all, limited and controlled its Internet use. The inflation has risen since last year. In order to keep the inflation rising, the country of china has limited its macro resources. Another thing that happened to china was good for its economy. China was hired by the company Intel to make their computer chips. Intel mad this change because the cost to produce these chips would be less costly. The country of china has also has more workers to manufacture these chips.
In the past two weeks, china’s has had numerous events to affect the way its economy runs. China has, first of all, limited and controlled its Internet use. The inflation has risen since last year. In order to keep the inflation rising, the country of china has limited its macro resources. Another thing that happened to china was good for its economy. China was hired by the company Intel to make their computer chips. Intel mad this change because the cost to produce these chips would be less costly. The country of china has also has more workers to manufacture these chips.
Saturday, September 15, 2007
Chapter 14 guided reading 2
what problems did employees of railroad companies face?
A: railroad employees had tough times working for the railroad. most of the workers were blacks, Irish and Asians and whites. these men worked round the clock to complete the railroads. they dug through mountains, and in the snow. these men were sometimes killed off by disease, accidents, and Indian attack.
what was it like to live as an employee in the Pullman town and factory?
A: the people of Pullman were all workers in the factory of Mr. Pullman. he created this town around his railroad factory. however, the workers were under extreme rules and curfews.
who was involved in credit mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
A: Credit mobilier was a company created by George Pullman. the company built luxury train cars. the scandal they created was to charge train companies two or three times the regular cost of a car. then the company would pocket the remaining money.
In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
A: the railroad companies hurt farmers by their the prices they charge for shipping. the railroad companies charged "outrageous" prices of ship. the farmers were losing money and the railroad was gaining a large amount of money.
Why didn't the decision in Munn vs Illinois succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
A: the case failed in checking railroad power because the government could not control a company.
Why did'nt the interstates commerce act imediately limit the power of the railroads?
A: the railroads did not like the act that was passed. the railroad companies then resisted the control from the government as long as they could.
A: railroad employees had tough times working for the railroad. most of the workers were blacks, Irish and Asians and whites. these men worked round the clock to complete the railroads. they dug through mountains, and in the snow. these men were sometimes killed off by disease, accidents, and Indian attack.
what was it like to live as an employee in the Pullman town and factory?
A: the people of Pullman were all workers in the factory of Mr. Pullman. he created this town around his railroad factory. however, the workers were under extreme rules and curfews.
who was involved in credit mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
A: Credit mobilier was a company created by George Pullman. the company built luxury train cars. the scandal they created was to charge train companies two or three times the regular cost of a car. then the company would pocket the remaining money.
In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
A: the railroad companies hurt farmers by their the prices they charge for shipping. the railroad companies charged "outrageous" prices of ship. the farmers were losing money and the railroad was gaining a large amount of money.
Why didn't the decision in Munn vs Illinois succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
A: the case failed in checking railroad power because the government could not control a company.
Why did'nt the interstates commerce act imediately limit the power of the railroads?
A: the railroads did not like the act that was passed. the railroad companies then resisted the control from the government as long as they could.
Chapter 14 guided reading 1
Which resources played crucial roles in industrialization?
A: there were several resources that played a significant role in the industrialization of America. The Access we had to steel led to the building of railroads and bridges. Another resource which aided the rise of industrialization was the discovery of oil. Oil allowed the trains to be put in effect and work. It was also used to kerosene lamps for light.
How did Edwin L.Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
A: Edwin L drake aided in the acquiring of oil. He created the first oil drill in Titusville Pennsylvania. He then drilled oil. With his new invention of the oil drill, it was now possible to drill for oil. This invention was taken down to the states of Texas and used there.
How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
A: the Bessemer process was to create steel out of Iron ore. The process was created by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly. The process involves injection air into molten Iron ore. This allows the impurities in the iron to be removed from the iron.
What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
A: as steel was discovered, it was being bought and used very rapidly and in a variety of ways. Steel was used on the railroad to as a guide to the way it ran. It supported the train and would not bend as the train ran over it. Another use for steel was in transportation. The discovery of steel led to the construction of steel bridges. These bridges can hold more weight and can last even longer that a wooden bridge.
How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
A: Thomas Edison was an inventor in the late 19th century. he was the one who created the incandescent light bulb and a Way to transfer power energy. with this new system, tools could be automated. Power shovels, printing presses, and street cars.
How did George Westinghouse contribute to it.
A: George Westinghouse aided Edison in his invention of the electricity. he created a way to make it affordable and easily accessable.
How did Christopher Sholes and Alexander Graham bell contribute?
A:Christopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter. Alexander graham bell created the telephone. both of these inventions improved office life and factory work.
A: there were several resources that played a significant role in the industrialization of America. The Access we had to steel led to the building of railroads and bridges. Another resource which aided the rise of industrialization was the discovery of oil. Oil allowed the trains to be put in effect and work. It was also used to kerosene lamps for light.
How did Edwin L.Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
A: Edwin L drake aided in the acquiring of oil. He created the first oil drill in Titusville Pennsylvania. He then drilled oil. With his new invention of the oil drill, it was now possible to drill for oil. This invention was taken down to the states of Texas and used there.
How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
A: the Bessemer process was to create steel out of Iron ore. The process was created by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly. The process involves injection air into molten Iron ore. This allows the impurities in the iron to be removed from the iron.
What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
A: as steel was discovered, it was being bought and used very rapidly and in a variety of ways. Steel was used on the railroad to as a guide to the way it ran. It supported the train and would not bend as the train ran over it. Another use for steel was in transportation. The discovery of steel led to the construction of steel bridges. These bridges can hold more weight and can last even longer that a wooden bridge.
How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
A: Thomas Edison was an inventor in the late 19th century. he was the one who created the incandescent light bulb and a Way to transfer power energy. with this new system, tools could be automated. Power shovels, printing presses, and street cars.
How did George Westinghouse contribute to it.
A: George Westinghouse aided Edison in his invention of the electricity. he created a way to make it affordable and easily accessable.
How did Christopher Sholes and Alexander Graham bell contribute?
A:Christopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter. Alexander graham bell created the telephone. both of these inventions improved office life and factory work.
Monday, September 10, 2007
Chapter 13 section 3: critical thinking
Q: What do you think were the most significant factors in bringing an end to the Populist Party?
· Monetary policy
· Third party status
· Source of popular support
· Popular participation
A: The fall of the Populist Party was almost as sudden as the rise of it. Many factors contributed to the party’s fall. One of these was due to the source of the voters. Most of the voters to the Populist Party were farmers. These men supported the parties view to print more money. However, they were the only people who thought this way so support was low for the party. (427)
Another contribution to the fall of the Populist Party was that it was known as a third party. The other two parties, Democrat and Republican, were much larger with much more support. The Populist Party was new to the political races, and the party could not keep up with its new supporters. Another thing that contributed to the fall of the party was the monetary policy. This policy tells about the passage and regulation of money. This is controlled by the government. The government would not go along with the party’s view to print more money. The Central Government knew that if they printed more money, the price of goods will sharply rise. This is only good for the farmers and the government also knows that it will throw the country into a depression. (429)
Q: What do you think were the most significant factors in bringing an end to the Populist Party?
· Monetary policy
· Third party status
· Source of popular support
· Popular participation
A: The fall of the Populist Party was almost as sudden as the rise of it. Many factors contributed to the party’s fall. One of these was due to the source of the voters. Most of the voters to the Populist Party were farmers. These men supported the parties view to print more money. However, they were the only people who thought this way so support was low for the party. (427)
Another contribution to the fall of the Populist Party was that it was known as a third party. The other two parties, Democrat and Republican, were much larger with much more support. The Populist Party was new to the political races, and the party could not keep up with its new supporters. Another thing that contributed to the fall of the party was the monetary policy. This policy tells about the passage and regulation of money. This is controlled by the government. The government would not go along with the party’s view to print more money. The Central Government knew that if they printed more money, the price of goods will sharply rise. This is only good for the farmers and the government also knows that it will throw the country into a depression. (429)
Saturday, September 8, 2007
Critical thinking: chapter 13, section 2
Q: How successful were the government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
· The growth in population on the Great Plains.
· The role of railroads in the economy.
· The Homestead Act.
A: During the 1870’s and 80’s, the United States government had the entire west land of advertise. The government was very successful in the sale and promotion of the plains and the west. They had done this through three different and successful ways. These way are railroads; the act passed called the Homestead Act, and the continuous growing population in the west.
The railroads were an excellent way to move goods out west. Even though they were labor intensive to build, it was worth the wait. Immigrants, new settlers, and farmers could ship supplies, and arrive at a destination in a fraction of the time it would take to ride over the country on horse. The trails also allowed goods to move across the country to California.
Probably the most impacting effort passed by the government was the Homestead Act. The Homestead Act offered any citizen 160 acres of land, free of charge. Over 600000 families took advantage of this offer. However, private speculators used these laws for personal by fencing off open lands from people. Another massive land giveaway was set up in 1889 to give away the entire Oklahoma area. (Pg. 421)
The growing population on the plains closed off the frontier in the west. The land that was available had either been claimed by pioneers, or bought by the railroad companies. Over 19 million of government owned land was claimed by ever growing population of the United States. All the land had been bought up and it now no longer existed. The new land increased the population in the United States. (Pg. 422)
Q: How successful were the government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
· The growth in population on the Great Plains.
· The role of railroads in the economy.
· The Homestead Act.
A: During the 1870’s and 80’s, the United States government had the entire west land of advertise. The government was very successful in the sale and promotion of the plains and the west. They had done this through three different and successful ways. These way are railroads; the act passed called the Homestead Act, and the continuous growing population in the west.
The railroads were an excellent way to move goods out west. Even though they were labor intensive to build, it was worth the wait. Immigrants, new settlers, and farmers could ship supplies, and arrive at a destination in a fraction of the time it would take to ride over the country on horse. The trails also allowed goods to move across the country to California.
Probably the most impacting effort passed by the government was the Homestead Act. The Homestead Act offered any citizen 160 acres of land, free of charge. Over 600000 families took advantage of this offer. However, private speculators used these laws for personal by fencing off open lands from people. Another massive land giveaway was set up in 1889 to give away the entire Oklahoma area. (Pg. 421)
The growing population on the plains closed off the frontier in the west. The land that was available had either been claimed by pioneers, or bought by the railroad companies. Over 19 million of government owned land was claimed by ever growing population of the United States. All the land had been bought up and it now no longer existed. The new land increased the population in the United States. (Pg. 422)
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