SE asia

many things have begun to happen in the South Asia. in Asia, a charter was issued on financial, and environmental rules. however, Singapore has tried to block the charter. in other news , in Dubai, there has been a strike. these workers have walked off a work site where they were constructing a long anticipated project of man made islands for a sale. another problem is with the Afghanistan government. the government still has resistance to the Taliban and a final operation is in event to extinguish this group. in pakistan and Iran, delegates and representatives are debating over an oil contract.

on account of the new plan for teaching.

the theme that I am chhosing is the second theme: the impact and growth of centralized state power. the MCAS standards that i have chosen to suppurt are standards.

• USII.17 (Explain important domestic events that took place during the war.)
• USII.18 (Analyze the factors that contributed to the Cold War and describe the policy of containment as America’s response to Soviet expansionist policies)
• USII.26 (Describe the accomplishments of the civil rights movement)
• USII.29 (Analyze the presidency of Ronald Reagan)

How was what to men during the Great Depression different from what happened to women and children?
Each groups role in their families
The change each group had to make
What help was available to them

Life was difficult during the depression. It was however different toward each family group. The role in the family was different for men than it was for women. And children. Children had no responsibilities, women did not have to work, but men had the hard responsibility of providing money, food and shelter for the entire family. Many men just wandered the street looking for a new job.
Each group also had to change to the mood of the depression. Men had to go out and find other jobs to get. Women had to save money and conserve food. Some even went out and got jobs to support their family. Children did not have much change to adapt to.
However, each group had help available to them. The government always had new building projects with which men could obtain a good steady job with good pay. Women also got more jobs.

How did the economic trend of the 1920s help cause the Great Depression?
· What happened in industry
· What happened in agriculture
· What happened with consumes

Due to certain economic trends in the 1920s, the great depression was caused. There were many results that occurred due to the depression. There were problems in the industrial, agricultural, and consumer trends.
Industry was hit hard with the depression. Railroads were losing business due to new forms of transportations. Coalmining and lumbering lost profits due to the lack of supply for the war. The economy also had new forms of energy, so coal was not in a high demand. Many businesses were closed and barely made a profit.
Agriculture was also hit hard. Due to no war, the demand of crops dropped drastically. Farmers bought more land and went further into debt when they had to pay the bills. When the depression had hit, many farmers had their farms repossessed and sold. Due to the unplanted farmland, the dirt was wisped up into a dustbowl.
Another sufferer was the consumer. Due to the rising price of goods, they could not buy as much as they did before. Many people still had to pay off debt, but could not because of the lack of jobs. Many people lost they homes to the debt.

Judging from the events of the late 1920s and early 1930s, how important do you think public confidence is to the health of the economy? Think about:
What happened when overconfidence in the stock market led people to speculate and buy on margin.
How confidence affects consumer borrowing.

In the late 1920s and early 1920s, the stock market and United States economy crashed. America lost 33 billion dollars. At this point the confidence in the U.S. economy had dropped. The confidence of the public should not have been that high in the economy. The over confidence had led the consumer to buy on a margin, or credit. The confidence in the stock market led people to buy more stock.
The confidence in the stock market also influenced how much money was borrowed. Since they thought that the economy would not crash, they were not concerned about having to pay back their debt.

What steps did women take towards equality during the 1930s?
The role of women in government
Hiring practices in federal programs
Women’s opportunities in business and industry.

During the 1930s, women strived towards equality. One strive was the role of women in government. Frances Perkins was the first female cabinet member. She played a great role in creating social security for the nation. These women in office created a higher minimum wage for female workers. Although 82% of polled people thought that a woman should not work if her husband works.
In the federal program, women were moving into more federal offices. They began to take up more official titles.

Why might the social security act be considered the most important achievement of the New Deal?
The types of relief needed in the 1930s
Alternatives to the government assistance to the elderly, the unemployed and the disabled.
The scope of the act.

During the 1930s, social security might have been considered the most important achievement of the new deal. During the 1930s, many Americans needed financial relief because millions were unemployed. Social security gave aid to seniors, to have a comfortable retirement, and the federal government paid the unemployed, in order to properly function. Another relief that was dealt with was the disabled. The federal and state government gave money to families with disabled children.
The alternative to this was that the government would do nothing and the people would have to deal with the problems on their own.

South East Aisa

In the past three weeks, South East Asia has had a few economic occurrences. In India, there are people who are paid to pick through trash for metals and plastics. These plastics and metals are then sold and remodeled to make new products. These new products could be harmful to someone who buys it. Another thing that has happened is that in Malaysia, there has been a large anti- government due to the government elections. In the country of Kazakhstan, President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s party won 88% of the vote in Kazakhstan’s parliamentary election and claimed every available seat. This caused problems because now there is no opposing party and his party can now take control of the parliament. India is still growing as an economic power.

chapter 21 section 4 critical thinking 5

What did the Harlem Renaissance contribute to both black and general American history?

During the 1920s, millions of black Americans migrated to the north. Out of America’s 12 million black residents, 5.2 million migrated to the northern cities were they could start a new life. Here in the north, organizations such as the NAACP were formed. And priorities were set to change the way of life of the average black American.
One such place were these priorities and ways of life were created was Harlem neighborhood. Harlem was, at that time, the largest urban black community in the world. The life of Harlem changed during a time called the Harlem Renaissance. This was a huge boom in creativity in music, literacy and art. This new style of living improved the living conditions in which these black Americans lived. It also attracted many people looking for entertainment. These helped the black community gain their reputation.

chapter 2 section 1 critical thinking 5

do you think the passage of the Volstead act and the ruling in the scopes trial represented genuine triumphs for traditional values? think about:

• changes in urban life in the 1920s
  
• the effects of Prohibition
  
• the legacy of the scopes trial

during the 1920s, American life had a dramatic change. there was more people living in urban areas than in rural areas. it was a time when life was more busy and spontaneous. more people were moving away from a more traditional lifestyle to obtain a free active lifestyle in the city. during this time there were two movements that had a goals to sustain the traditional values of America. the two things were the prohibition era, and scopes trial. although striving to keep traditional values, these two events had more negative effects on society.

The Eighteenth amendment claimed it was illegal to manufacture, sell, and transport alcohol. This amendment was added to halt the alcohol consumption, which led to drunkenness, and abuse. the law worked in decreasing the consumption of alcohol, but it backfired on the people who created the law. the positive side of the bill was that it decreased alcohol consumption, but it caused a wave of negative effects. in large cities, gangs appeared and ruled the town. there terror was fueled by the illegal distribution of alcohol.

the other fall to traditional values was the scopes trial. the scopes trial occurred in Tennessee, and it was about the teachings of John T. Scopes. scopes was arrested for teaching the theory of evolution in his biology class. that year the State of Tennessee passed a law that made it illegal to teach evolution. Scopes was found guilty and fined 100 dollars. this seemed like a triumph for traditional values, but it brought around a thought of doubtfulness about creationism.

chapter 20 section 1 critical thinking 3

Do you think Americans were justified in their fears of radicals and foreigners in the decade following World War 1? Think about:
The goals of the leaders of the Russian revolution
The challenges facing the United States

During the early 1920’s, America went through a period known as the Red Scare. This was a period of time when the American public went through a public scare. When the Bolsheviks overthrew the government in Russia and established a communist government, they claimed to spread communism to the rest of the world. This threat frightened the United States public.
What frightened the United States the most was the threat of communism. After the claim to spread communism, over 70,000 radicals joined the communist party, including some from major unions. Several bombs were mailed to government officials. This frightened the public into believing the communists were everywhere.
Some problems facing the United States during this time were the results that were occurring because of the Red Scare. One problem was the raids against the people. Mitchell palmer was one such person who organized these raids. He was responsible for organizing many of these raids and deporting hundreds of residents from other countries. However these raids turned up no evidence for a communist conspiracy. The scare was basically over responsive to the communist scare.

chapter 19 section 4 critical thinking 5

Predict Germany’s reaction to the treaty of Versailles. Give reasons for your prediction.
Think about:
What Germans thought of the war-guilt clause
German reaction to reparations
How Germans felt about the loss of territory

The treaty of Versailles was the treaty to end the First World War. The terms of the treaty were pleasing to every country, but Germany. The Treaty treated Germany the worse, by dividing up Germany itself, and taking away its colonies. With the colonies it was impossible for Germany to pay their reparations. Another thing that angered the Germans was the war-guilt clause, which forced the Germans into accepting that they started the war in Europe. This also angers a lot of Germans because they were not solely responsible for he start of the war. The war was started with a following of treaties signed by all of the other European countries.
Another thing that angered the Germans was their reparation that they had to pay. Due to the war-guilt clause, Germany was responsible for paying war debts to France. The debt that was to be paid was impossible for them, without their colonies to bring in income and export money. Another thing that angered the Germans was the loss of territory. There were now some Germans being ruled by the polish people. The Germans had lost almost half of their land as a result of the war.

chapter 19 section 4 critical thinking 3

Why didn’t the treaty of Versailles lay the foundation for a lasting peace?

The First World War lasted for four years. At the end, the treaty of Versailles was signed to end the war. Even thought it ended the war, it had many flaws that could not support it.
The treaty, forced the Germans to accept full responsibility for starting the war. It also forced Germany to pay reparations to France of $33 billion. In addition to paying for the cause of the war, the treaty divided up all of Germany’s global colonies and the country of Germany itself into Poland. Many germans were angry with this because they were now germans being ruled by the polish. These terms would not hold for a lasting peace in Europe. The cause of WWI was mainly Germany, but other counties were also the cause, and the reparation was impossible for Germany to pay off without its colonies. Another weakness of the treaty was that Russia was not invited and involved in the treaty signing. The largest weakness of the treaty was that there was no consequence for anyone who broke the treaty.

chapter 19 section 3 critical thinking 5

Do you think that the war had a positive or negative on American society? Think about:
How propaganda campaign influenced people’s behavior.
The new job opportunities for African Americans and women.
How the government controlled the industry

When the First World War was raging in Europe, the United States suffered from the effects of war. These effects were, however, positive for American society, even though there were riots of violence. Before the war had begun, women and Blacks had little job opportunities. When the men were drafted off to war, women took over the jobs that the men did and they were paid for it too. Also, African Americans were gaining jobs that men had left behind to go fight in the war.
One negative effect was the depiction of American propaganda. During the war, the attack against German-American escalated. Citizens of the United States stopped buying German products. On such product was alcohol. German breweries were attacked and the alcohol business almost collapsed. Another discriminatory crime was that German Americans were attacked and even killed. All German names were hated and towns even changed their name if it was German.
During World War I Congress had given all economic and industrial power to Woodrow Wilson. With his orders the government took over small business companies. These companies built weapons for the war effort. With the increase in sales, the average wage increased by 20%. The annual income for the united states doubled almost every year that Europe was at war.

chapter 19 section 3 critical thinking 3

How did the war affect government power? Think about:
How private business worked with the government
How much control the president gained over the economy
The espionage and sedition acts.

During war time the government gains a certain amount of power to control the power of the United States. The government needed supplies for the war and private businesses could not handle the orders by themselves, so the government took over the private businesses to meet due dates.
Also, the war affected the control that the president had over the government. Congress voted to give the president complete control over the economy. With this power he can fix prices and nationalize industries. That is how he came to controlling private industries.
The power of the espionage and sedition acts was another power controlled by the government. Anyone who spoke out against the government and the war was arrested byj the government.

chapter 19 section 2 critical thinking 3

In what way did WWI represent a frightening new kind of warfare? Think about:
The casualty figures
New military technology
Shell shock

Before the First World War, wars were fought with dignity and respect. When WWI arrived in 1914 the new ways of war were horrific and frightening. A new advance in warfare was the invention of new technological war weapons. Some such weapons were the machine gun, the biplane (which was built to be faster and tougher), the tank, and chemical warfare. More deaths occurred because of these inventions; the biplane was refitted with machine guns to shoot down enemy planes and it was also fitted with a stronger engine and drop doors to deliver bombs on enemy territory. Tanks were built to traverse No-Man’s-Land and attack the enemy soldiers. These vehicles were built with solid steel plating to deflect enemy fire, and were also fitted with a cannon to blow up barricades. The machine gun was a deadly weapon against the trenches. Once in a while, the enemy would charge from the trench to attack the enemy trench. When this happened, the machine gun would mow down the attackers. The worst new technology was the invention of chemical weapons such as deadly gases. There were four main types of gases: nerve agents, blood agents, choking agents, and blister agents. These types of gases were used to attack the trenches. Because these gases were heavier than air, they would loom in the trenches, and infect the soldiers.
Another frightening result of the new war technologies was the mass amount of war casualties. During the battle of Somme, the British army suffered over 60,000 casualties in the first day. When the battle ended, the casualty toll reached 1.2 million. By the end of the war over 22 million people were killed, 20 million were wounded, and 10 million refugees. In the United States, only lost 48,000 men and 62,000 men were wounded.
There were many effects to the fighting in the battlefield. One of these effects was a condition known as Shellshock. This was a mental condition in which a soldier’s mental state completely collapsed. Some men saw these men as cowards and were killed due to not wanting to fight.

chapter 19 section 1 critical thinking 5

Why do you think Germany escalated its U-boat attacks? Think about:
Germany's military buildup
The effects of the British blockade
Germany’s reason for using submarine warfare

Before the First World War had begun, the European counties had undergone a serious military buildup. The British built up its naval power to defend the seas. At this time, Britain had the largest and most powerful navy in the world. The Germans did not have a naval force that could match that of the British force. One of the reasons for Germany use of submarine warfare was because it was the only force that Germany had that could counter the British Navy. Any visible attack on British ships would end disastrously for the Germans. The use of u-boats was the only way that Germany could successfully attack the British navy.
Also, during the war, the British had established a naval blockade across the North Sea. This was used to block any goods from entering Germany, as well as food supplies. Due to this blockade, over 750,000 Germans starved during the war. The German military used the U boats to attack the blockade. Another reason that the Germans could have escalated the U Boat attacks is to prevent supplies from reaching the allied armies. In May 7, 1915, a German U boat attacked and sunk the British Liner Lusitania in belief that it was carrying ammunition for the allied forces.

chapter 19 section 1 critical thinking 4

Why were America’s ties with the allies stronger than its ties with the central powers?

During the beginning of the First World War, the United States had no involvement in the war and had claimed neutrality. However, after several years of the war, the US had decided to involve itself in the war. The US took the side of the allied powers. The US had stronger ties with the allies than the central powers even though people from all over Europe created the United States.
Some reasons for a stronger tie with the allied powers were because of a strong ancestry with Great Britain. Also, the similar language helped establish an alliance with England along with the similar legal system and democratic institutions. There were not only social and historical ties to the allied powers, but economic ties as well. The United States shipped twice as more goods to Great Britain and France as they did to Germany. During the war, the US factories were filled with orders for war weapons to aid Britain and France.
There were also factors that weakened ties with the Central Powers. When the German army moved to attack France through Belgium, there was propaganda that was spread that depicted the Germans as to attacking innocent, burning villages and hospitals, as well as libraries and cathedrals. This caused the ties with Germany to be weakened as well as anti-German crimes to rise in the United States.

chapter 18 section 4 critical thinking 3

What do you think were the similarities and differences between Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Wilson's missionary diplomacy?

• the goal of each of these foreign policies
• how the policies defined the role of US intervention in international affairs
• how the policies were applied.

there were two policies that dealt with the affair of Latin America in the early 20th century. one was the Roosevelt corollary and the other was Wilson's missionary diplomacy. the goal of the corollary was to keep order to Latin America. Roosevelt stated that his policy was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine and he meant for his policy to interfere with European influence in Latin America. the Missionary Diplomacy was meant to not recognize any Latin American country that seemed oppressive, hostile or undemocratic towards the US.

with these two policies, it restricted and defined the international affair of the United States. under the Roosevelt corollary, the US would only intervene with Latin American countries in order to keep order and not chaos. under the Missionary diplomacy, the US would only involve with countries that were not hostile or undemocratic to the United States. the policies were applied to the problems with Latin America.

chapter 18 section 3 critical thinking 4

How was US policies towards China Different toward US policies toward the Philippines? What can you attribute towards the difference?

the US policies were different towards china than they were towards the Philippines. the US owned the Philippines at the time and therefore it was subjected to American laws. this meant that the Philippines were to listen to the US on what they do. also, they were promised independence from the US and never got it. the Filipinos also started a rebellion against the US government that lasted up to three years.

the US policies towards china were different and less severe than the ones toward the Philippines. China was not a US territory, therefore, it was not subjected to its laws and regulations. also, China was obtained by all the major countries in Europe and those countries had set up their spheres of influence, so the United States could not control all of china.

the differences between the policies towards the Philippines and china are based on control. the Philippines were easier to control because they were ruled by the united states and only by them, while china was ruled by different countries.

chapter 18 section 3 critical thinking 3

How did american rule of puerto rico harm Puerto Ricans? How did it help Puerto Ricans? do you think the benefits outweigh the harmful effects? why or why not?



after the Spanish american war, the spanish territories were given to the united states. one of these territories was the island of Puerto rico. the ruling of puerto rico by the United States bothe helped and harmed the people of the country. some Harms to the island was that it was taken over during the Spanish American war. another harm to the country was that it was used for a military base during hte Spanish American war.

some benefits towards the island of Puerto Rico were the ctizenship of the Puerto Ricans, and the creation of its government. the Citizenship allowed the people of Puerto Rico to be protected by American laws and the power ot the costitution. The creation of the government allows the puerto ricans to choose who they wanted to run their country.

the Benefits of the rule of puerto rico outweigh the harm of puerto rico. the people of Puerto Rico have the benefits of being a US citizen allowing then easy passage to and from the United States. Also, they are protected by the United States without being a state. however they cannot vote and are subjected to the draft.

chapter 18 section 2 critical thinking 5

what do you think were the unstated editorial policies of yellow journalism?

• James Creelman's account of Spanish atrocities against the cubans


• Hearst remark to remington


• the journal headline about the explosion of the battleship Maine

during the time before the Spanish American war, there were many newspapers participating in yellow journalism. Yellow journalism was a style of writing that exaggerated the truth as a way to encourage people to buy the paper. there were two newspapers that were famous for this use at this time: they were the New York Journal, and the New York World. yellow journalism really had no policies to it so the companies could over exaggerate the truth as much as they wanted. three great examples of this at the time were the Creelman accounts, the use of Remington by Hearst, and the news coverage of the explosion of the Maine.

James Creelman was a reporter who was sent down to Cuba to report the state of the people of Cuba. what he reported was overly exaggerated. some exampled of this were that "American citizens were imprisoned and slain without cause...blood on the roadsides, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps..." (PG. 552). Creelman also described the Spanish as poisoning the Cuban wells and throwing Cuban children to be eaten by the sharks.

another example of a lack of editorial policies were the paintings by the artist Frederic Remington. He was sent to Cuba to paint the carnage and crime. he claimed that there was no war and Hearst said to make it up. the final account of failed editorial policies was the reporting of the expolison of the U.S.S. Maine. the newspapers reported the attacks and a deliberate offensive agaisnt the united states. the news papers were even offering reward for the person who turned in the attacker of the warship.

chapter 18 section 1 critical thinking 5

In the following passage, how does Indiana senator Albert J Beveridge explain the need for the US to acquire new territories?
“Fate has written our policy for us; the trade of the world must and shall be ours…we will establish trading posts throughout the world as distributing points for American products…great colonies governing themselves, flying our flag and trading with us, will grow about our posts of trade.”

Albert J Beveridge sees the US’s purpose for acquiring new territories as a way to trade even further with the world. He sees it as a way to spread the thoughts and ideas of the country of America. the people of the world will recognize the unted states as a global power and wil respect the flying o f our flag. anothe point that Beveridge might have made ws with the trade of the world being ours. he thinks thar if the United States expands its territories and its reign over other areas, then the world will trade with us. the world will buy products made from the United States and use them to theri own advantage. the US will expand even more and grow to become a great trade power of the world.

chapter 18 section 1 critical thinking 3

Manifest destiny greatly influenced American policy during the 1st half of the century. How do you think manifest destiny set the stage for American imperialism at the end of the century?

Manifest destiny was a thought used by white pioneers. It stated that it was their right to take the land. In the turn of the last century, America has used imperialism. Imperialism is the policy in which stronger governments extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories and nations. The United States used imperialism to gain territories in the pacific and Caribbean. The idea of manifest destiny could have applied to the gain of these territories because the United states government thought that tit was right for the US to take theses territories and add them as our own. As a result of this, the United States gained the territories of the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. Another way that manifest destiny could have set the stage for American imperialism was the way it also promoted the desire for natural resources for the country. The US wanted a stronger military that was based all over the world.

China again

China has undergone a great amount of economic change. The Chinese government has obtained United States software censorware. Four California companies gave this software to china. These censorware technologies were used to censor even more of china’s Internet network. Another thing is the rapid boost in china’s economy since they embraced foreign trade. It has grown to be one of the top trade exporters in the world. In a down tone to China, they have recalled their lipstick containers, which they exported. These were recalled due to traces of lead found in the tubes. Also, china has recalled over 20 million of their toys also due to traces of lead paint found in the toys.

chapter 17 section 5 critical thinking 4

Chapter 17 section 5 critical thinking 4

Why do you think Wilson failed to push for equality for African Americans, despite their progressive reform?
Progressive presidents before Wilson
Wilson’s background
The primary group of people progressive reforms targeted.

During the time of the presidency of Wilson, he pushed for African American equality. However, he had failed. Before Wilson, the presidents that served their terms had different ideas for progressivism. These men were for the rights of black citizens. Wilson however did not have this argument as he main topic for progressivism. He believed that the government should give more power to the citizens of the United States. Also he appointed segregationists to aid him in running the country.
Wilson’s background was also another reason why his push for black equality failed. Wilson grew up in Deep South during the civil war. His ideas of civil rights are affected by where he grew up. His strict upbringing in the south influenced his prejudices against the black citizens.
Wilson also did not target the right people. Since Woodrow Wilson did not support the blacks in their civil rights support, he lost the support from liberal supporters. His progressive ideas were not used in helping the people. Instead, Woodrow Wilson cut powers of big businesses, such as eliminating their chances of creation a monopoly.

Chapter 17 section 3 critical thinking 5

Why did W. E. B. Du Bois oppose Booker T. Washington’s views on racial discrimination?

In the early 19th century, there were many blacks fighting for their civil rights. However, one named Booker T Washington was not in their favor. He thought that the blacks should accept the discrimination towards them, which the reason that the blacks were in poverty was because it was their own fault. Many civil right supporters were discouraged and angered by B.T. Washington.
One such man was W. E. B. Du Bois, establisher of the NAACP. Du Bois thought that Booker T’s opinion was belittling of the rights of the black citizen. He wanted equality of black and white men, with such rights as voting. He did not want to remain in a segregated and prejudice society. His ideas was a society were there was no segregations against the black people.

Chapter 17 section 1: critical thinking 4

Chapter 17 section 1: critical thinking 4

This cartoon shows carry nation inside a saloon that she attacked. Do you think the cartoonist had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of this Prohibitionist?


In the time of the 1890’s a woman named Carry nation worked and fought for a prohibition of alcohol. She would walk into bars and saloons and smash the bottles and hack up the tables. Her actions caused her to obtain great publicity. One such example of publicity of carry nation was a political cartoon. This cartoon depicted her standing in a smashed up bar and the bartender hiding behind the counter.
The newspapers that published this cartoon probably had an unfavorable opinion against Carry Nation. The cartoon depicted Nation as a mean woman. She is against alcohol, and many people drink alcohol. Also, the tactics that Nation uses were ruthless and reckless. She destroyed bars and caused much money in damage

chapter 17 section 1: critical thinking 3

Q: In what ways might Illinois, Wisconsin, and Oregon all be considered trailblazers in the progressive reform?

· Legislative and electoral reforms at the state level.
· the leadership of William U’Ren and Robert La Follette
· Florence Kelly’s appointment as chief inspector of factories of Illinois.

During the time of the turn of the century, there were many organizations who wanted to bring around a time of progression. These people did this through gaining support and using it to change how the system worked. Wisconsin, Illinois, and Oregon were the most well known bringing around the era of progressivism.
One way that the progressivism stared was through the states and the electoral reforms. Wisconsin’s governor was best known for targeting big companies. His treatment towards these companies was meant to treat them as they treat all other companies and not them over all.
William U’Ren and Robert La Follette were also known for their progressive ideas. U’Ren was well known for promoting Oregon to adopt the secret ballot. This for of election allowed the people of the state to elect a citizen to a political position. Another thing that went along with this ballot was the power of a recall. Of the people wished, they could also remove someone from power with this ballot.
Florence Kelley was appointed health inspector of Illinois. She inspected factories and how they worked. Kelley is credited for restricting women’s working hours and banning child labor.

chapter 15 section 2: Critical thinking 5

What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society?

· Why people moved to cities
· The problems caused by rapid urban growth
· The differences in the experience of whites and blacks

In the late 19ths century, many people moved to the cities of America. This caused certain effects to happen on society. People moved to the city because of the jobs. Factories and companies offered jobs that required no skills to these people. Also in the city, property was less costly. Sometimes several families lived in a one family building to save money for other things.
Another impact was caused by rapid growth and overcrowding in cities. In the city, there was no way of disposing of garbage and waste, so people dumped it out on the streets. There were even dead animals on the street and they were just left there. Another thing was waster supplement. With the more people coming to the cities, it was harder and harder to supply good drinking water. Some places started to introduce piped water and filtration. However, the supply could not keep up with the demand.
Many black people were also in the city. These men and women moved from the discriminatory south to the north to find better jobs. White people still got better jobs

chapter 15 section 2: Critical thinking 4

Chapter 15 section 2: critical thinking 4

Which solutions (or attempted solutions) to an urban problem discussed in this section do you think had the most impact? Why?

In the late 1800’s, the mass inflow of immigrants led to a problem with cultural differences. Also, there were mass amounts of overcrowding in the cities. This was because the easiest place for immigrants to find work was urban factories that employed unskilled workers.
There were many attempts to solve urban problems. Some of these attempts had a great impact on how the cities worked. The first example of this is the new setup of housing in the city. Builders would build as many single family houses as they could on a block. This increased the immigrant population. Also, it improved the sanitary level by decreasing the number of people per house.(pg. 470) Another attempt to improve the urban problem was to hold classed to assimilate new foreigners into the American image. The problem with this was that many new foreigners did not was to become the typical American person. They wanted to keep their own cultural identity. (pg. 469)

Chapter 15 section 1: critical thinking 4

What were the effects of the massive influx of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800’s?

In the late 1800’s, the United States experienced a massive inflow of foreigners. These people came from all over the world to this country. These people mostly came from Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia, England, China, Mexico, and Eastern Europe.
With this great amount of immigrants coming to this country, there were some effects that this caused. One of the first effects was an increase in workers. With the more workers there are, then the more work is done. For example, with the increase in Chinese workers the railroads were completed on time and in good condition. Another example of this is with the Irish. The Irish were hired by construction companies to build buildings and skyscrapers in cities like Boston and New York City.
Another effect of an increased flow of immigrant into the U.S. in the late 1800’s was discrimination. Some of the greatest examples of discriminations were against the Chinese, Irish, and Germans. In places like Boston and New York City, there were shops and companies that would not hire the Irish due to a stereotype of being lazy and drunks. The Chinese were discriminated against to a point where an act was passed that would not allow Chinese to immigrate to the US. The discrimination of Germans did not come until World War One when the United States fought Germany. Then, German immigrants were usually attacked, beaten, and even killed.

Chapter 15, section 1:critical thinking 1

Which group of immigrants do you think faced the greatest challenges in the United States? Why?

I think that the group of people that faced the worst times and the greatest challenges were the Chinese immigrants. These immigrants came to the United States to work for a better life. They worked mainly on the railroads and constructing new railroad tracks. When the railroads were completed and the railroad companies needed no more tracks, then the Chinese opened their own businesses, which were mostly a failure to them because the Americans would not go to their shops.
The Chinese immigrants had a hard time gaining respectable status among people of the United States. When they worked on the railroads, they worked the hardest for the cheapest pay. These men had to live in different quarters than the other workers. These quarters were often in worse conditions than other ones. The Chinese workers had to provide their own tools for work. The other white men were given their own tools to work with and food was provided to the white workers. (Pg 443)
After the Chinese men had finish with the railroad, they started their own businesses. People who were born in the United States started to have a feel for Nativism. This is when citizens of the US felt that they were more important than the immigrants. During the depression of 1873 people felt that the immigrants would take all of the jobs for less money. One of the most discriminated groups was the Chinese. These workers were victims of riots and race crimes. Soon after the Chinese were banned completely from the United States. This act was repealed in 1943. (Pg. 465)

Chapter 14 Section 3: critical thinking 3

Chapter 14 section 3: critical thinking 3

Do you think that the tycoons of the late 19th century are best described as Ruthless Robber Barons, or as Effective Captains of industry?

Their management tactics and business strategies
Their contributions to the economy
Their attitude toward competition

Even thought the 19th century tycoons were ruthless, they were more effective in spreading their industry and improving an industrial United States. These tycoon leaders had an excellent way of spreading their industry. These men used strategies such as vertical and horizontal integration. This was when one company owns all components and competition of one certain kind of production, transportation, or manufacture. An example of this is like owning all oil wells and buying out new ones being opened. This way, everyone will have to use your company no matter what. Another strategy of the business corporate was vertical integration. This is when you own one part of each different industry, this way; you can ship with all your own components and not have to lose money on manufacturing of shipping.
The corporate tycoons had their own contributions to the economy. With their shipping industry, these companies could make a product widespread and inexpensive in the United States. Another thing that these corporate tycoons did was that they improved the trade of the United States. Also, they gave more people jobs. With new factories and industrialization, these companies needed more workers for these companies and these factories to fully function.
These Tycoons had little mercy towards competitors. These men bought out whatever competition they thought as a threat.

Chapter 14 section 2:critical thinking 3

Do you think that the government and the private citizens could have done more to curb the corruption and power of the railroads?
· Why the railroads had power
· The right of railroad customers and workers.
· The scope of government regulations.

When the railroads had first been built, many people used them. One of the biggest users of the railroads was the farmers of the Midwest. With these users of the railroad, the company holders gained immense money and wealth. Not many people thought that they had the power to curb the railroad companies.
I think that the government could have done more to curb the power of the railroads than the private citizens. The government has the power to regulate taxes and power of a company. The government could have intervened with the railroad companies. They have this power and they chose not to use it. Until the court case Munn Vs Illinois. Then the government had the power to instate an act that would limit the power of the railroads. And they government had done this.
The private citizens and any other citizens had little power over the railroads. If they could organize themselves, then they could curb the power of the railroads. If the farmers had not used the railroads to ship their goods and shipped it a different way, then the railroads would have lost their main customer and might have to compromise with the farmers and lower the prices of their goods. Another thing that the citizens could have was to file complaints to the government and give reason to them that the railroad company was using their power too much. This is how the people and the government could have curbed the power of the railroad companies.

chapter 14 section 1 critical thinking

Chapter 14 section 1: critical thinking #5

Which invention or development described in this had the greatest impact on society?
· The applications of the inventions.
· The impact of inventions on people’s daily lives.
· The effect of inventions on the workplace

The inventions and developments of this time had a great impact on how society worked. The one invention that most greatly impacted society of this time was the invention of the incandescent light bulb. Thomas Alvin Edison created this invention. The Incandescent light bulb allowed people to work longer and more efficient. People used the lightbulb in all sorts of work areas. The bulb was used in places like office buildings, railroads, and mining caves. The lightbulb also led onto a way to properly output electricity to the entire country.
The invention of the Lightbulb impacted peoples daily lives as well. The lightbulb allowed people to have a later curfew. Streetlights were manufactured to hold incandescent lightbulbs. The lighting in the street made it easier for nightlife in the city. Work offices could be open later and could perform more work.
The lightbulb allowed work to done more efficiently. Mining was done before by either candles, or kerosene lamps, the lightbulb was used to create more light to see the coal and to see what was being done.

China’s economy

In the past two weeks, china’s has had numerous events to affect the way its economy runs. China has, first of all, limited and controlled its Internet use. The inflation has risen since last year. In order to keep the inflation rising, the country of china has limited its macro resources. Another thing that happened to china was good for its economy. China was hired by the company Intel to make their computer chips. Intel mad this change because the cost to produce these chips would be less costly. The country of china has also has more workers to manufacture these chips.

Chapter 14 guided reading 2

what problems did employees of railroad companies face?
A: railroad employees had tough times working for the railroad. most of the workers were blacks, Irish and Asians and whites. these men worked round the clock to complete the railroads. they dug through mountains, and in the snow. these men were sometimes killed off by disease, accidents, and Indian attack.

what was it like to live as an employee in the Pullman town and factory?
A: the people of Pullman were all workers in the factory of Mr. Pullman. he created this town around his railroad factory. however, the workers were under extreme rules and curfews.

who was involved in credit mobilier, and what was the purpose of this company?
A: Credit mobilier was a company created by George Pullman. the company built luxury train cars. the scandal they created was to charge train companies two or three times the regular cost of a car. then the company would pocket the remaining money.

In what ways did the railroad companies use their power to hurt farmers?
A: the railroad companies hurt farmers by their the prices they charge for shipping. the railroad companies charged "outrageous" prices of ship. the farmers were losing money and the railroad was gaining a large amount of money.

Why didn't the decision in Munn vs Illinois succeed in checking the power of the railroads?
A: the case failed in checking railroad power because the government could not control a company.

Why did'nt the interstates commerce act imediately limit the power of the railroads?
A: the railroads did not like the act that was passed. the railroad companies then resisted the control from the government as long as they could.

Chapter 14 guided reading 1

Which resources played crucial roles in industrialization?
A: there were several resources that played a significant role in the industrialization of America. The Access we had to steel led to the building of railroads and bridges. Another resource which aided the rise of industrialization was the discovery of oil. Oil allowed the trains to be put in effect and work. It was also used to kerosene lamps for light.

How did Edwin L.Drake help industry to acquire larger quantities of oil?
A: Edwin L drake aided in the acquiring of oil. He created the first oil drill in Titusville Pennsylvania. He then drilled oil. With his new invention of the oil drill, it was now possible to drill for oil. This invention was taken down to the states of Texas and used there.

How did the Bessemer process allow better use of iron ore?
A: the Bessemer process was to create steel out of Iron ore. The process was created by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly. The process involves injection air into molten Iron ore. This allows the impurities in the iron to be removed from the iron.

What new uses for steel were developed at this time?
A: as steel was discovered, it was being bought and used very rapidly and in a variety of ways. Steel was used on the railroad to as a guide to the way it ran. It supported the train and would not bend as the train ran over it. Another use for steel was in transportation. The discovery of steel led to the construction of steel bridges. These bridges can hold more weight and can last even longer that a wooden bridge.

How did Thomas Alva Edison contribute to this development?
A: Thomas Edison was an inventor in the late 19th century. he was the one who created the incandescent light bulb and a Way to transfer power energy. with this new system, tools could be automated. Power shovels, printing presses, and street cars.

How did George Westinghouse contribute to it.
A: George Westinghouse aided Edison in his invention of the electricity. he created a way to make it affordable and easily accessable.

How did Christopher Sholes and Alexander Graham bell contribute?
A:Christopher Sholes contributed by inventing the typewriter. Alexander graham bell created the telephone. both of these inventions improved office life and factory work.

Chapter 13 section 3: critical thinking

Q: What do you think were the most significant factors in bringing an end to the Populist Party?

· Monetary policy
· Third party status
· Source of popular support
· Popular participation

A: The fall of the Populist Party was almost as sudden as the rise of it. Many factors contributed to the party’s fall. One of these was due to the source of the voters. Most of the voters to the Populist Party were farmers. These men supported the parties view to print more money. However, they were the only people who thought this way so support was low for the party. (427)
Another contribution to the fall of the Populist Party was that it was known as a third party. The other two parties, Democrat and Republican, were much larger with much more support. The Populist Party was new to the political races, and the party could not keep up with its new supporters. Another thing that contributed to the fall of the party was the monetary policy. This policy tells about the passage and regulation of money. This is controlled by the government. The government would not go along with the party’s view to print more money. The Central Government knew that if they printed more money, the price of goods will sharply rise. This is only good for the farmers and the government also knows that it will throw the country into a depression. (429)

Critical thinking: chapter 13, section 2

Q: How successful were the government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.

· The growth in population on the Great Plains.
· The role of railroads in the economy.
· The Homestead Act.

A: During the 1870’s and 80’s, the United States government had the entire west land of advertise. The government was very successful in the sale and promotion of the plains and the west. They had done this through three different and successful ways. These way are railroads; the act passed called the Homestead Act, and the continuous growing population in the west.
The railroads were an excellent way to move goods out west. Even though they were labor intensive to build, it was worth the wait. Immigrants, new settlers, and farmers could ship supplies, and arrive at a destination in a fraction of the time it would take to ride over the country on horse. The trails also allowed goods to move across the country to California.
Probably the most impacting effort passed by the government was the Homestead Act. The Homestead Act offered any citizen 160 acres of land, free of charge. Over 600000 families took advantage of this offer. However, private speculators used these laws for personal by fencing off open lands from people. Another massive land giveaway was set up in 1889 to give away the entire Oklahoma area. (Pg. 421)
The growing population on the plains closed off the frontier in the west. The land that was available had either been claimed by pioneers, or bought by the railroad companies. Over 19 million of government owned land was claimed by ever growing population of the United States. All the land had been bought up and it now no longer existed. The new land increased the population in the United States. (Pg. 422)